湖南怀化市河西新区市场群落发展研究

通过对湖南怀化市河西新区市场群落发展现状的调查考察,揭示了市场群落形成的动力机制,包括体制环境与路径依赖机制、区位优势与区域功能导向机制、政府扶持与政策优惠的加速机制、民营资本争利于市的驱动机制、外来经商人员和知名厂商的激活机制、产销一体化互动机制。针对区域整体规划滞后、市场重复建设、划行归市不甚理想、市场开发的房地产化趋势、投资环境欠佳等主要问题,提出了改善投资环境和经营环境、形成各部门协同发展合力,吸引经营大户和知名厂商进驻市场、培植市场主体商户,关注市场新变化、拓展新业态、发掘新空间,加强产销衔接、推进工贸一体化,强化市场人才培育等对策建议。     

International Trade and the Environment: Theoretical and Policy Linkages

I review and extend three approaches to trade and environmental policies: competitive general equilibrium, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. The first two have surprisingly similar implications: deviations from first-best rules are justified only by constraints on policy choice (which motivates what I call a “single dividend” approach to environmental policy), and taxes and emissions standards differ in ways which reflect the Le Chatelier principle. I also show how environmental taxes may lead to a catastrophic relocation of industry in the presence of agglomeration effects, although not necessarily if there is a continuum of industries which differ in pollution intensity. *An earlier version was presented as an invited plenary lecture to the European Association for Environmental and Resource Economics Conference, Oslo, 1999.     

Theory and practice of monetary policy

Summary. We consider an optimally managed renewable resource with stochastic non-concave growth function. We characterize the conditions under which the optimal policy leads to global extinction, global conservation and the existence of a safe standard of conservation. Our conditions are specified in terms of the economic and ecological primitives of the model: the biological growth function, the welfare function, the distribution of shocks and the discount rate. Our results indicate that, unlike deterministic models, extinction and conservation in stochastic models are not determined by a simple comparison of the growth rate and the discount rate; the welfare function plays an important role.Received: 20 October 2004, Revised: 28 February 2005, JEL Classification Numbers: D90, O11, O41, Q32.Santanu Roy: Correspondence toResearch on this paper was completed when the second author visited Cornell University in July, 2003. We thank the Center for Analytic Economics and the Department of Economics at Cornell University for making this research visit possible. The current version has gained considerably from the comments made by an anonymous referee.     

On strategic complementarity conditions in Bertrand oligopoly

Summary. For Bertrand duopoly with linear costs, we establish via a single (counter-)example that: (i) A new monotone transformation of the firms' profit functions may lead to the supermodularity of transformed profits when the standard log and identity transformations both fail to do so, and (ii) Topkis's notion of critical sufficient condition for monotonicity of a Bertrand firm's best-reply correspondence cannot be extended to rely only on positive unit costs. Received: January 16, 2001; revised version: March 20, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" This work was completed while the first author was visiting the Institute for Industrial Economics at the University of Copenhagen during Spring 2000. Their financial support and stimulating research environment are gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed here are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the European Commission. Correspondence to: R. Amir     

Entrepreneurship,Austrian Economics,and the Quarrel Between Philosophy and Poetry

I consider whether entrepreneurship is a distinct category within economic theory. More generally, I consider the links between discussions of entrepreneurship and philosophic debates over the nature of the aesthetic. For instance, Kant's attempt to elevate the category of the aesthetic has much in common with Kirzner's attempt to elevate the concept of the entrepreneur. Shackle's theory of choice refers very directly to the notion of the aesthetic. Theories of the aesthetic and theories of the entrepreneur have common strengths and weaknesses.     

Existence of a competitive equilibrium in a one sector growth model with heterogeneous agents and irreversible investment

Summary. We prove existence of a competitive equilibrium in a version of a Ramsey (one sector) model in which agents are heterogeneous and gross investment is constrained to be non negative. We do so by converting the infinite-dimensional fixed point problem stated in terms of prices and commodities into a finite-dimensional Negishi problem involving individual weights in a social value function. This method allows us to obtain detailed results concerning the properties of competitive equilibria. Because of the simplicity of the techniques utilized our approach is amenable to be adapted by practitioners in analogous problems often studied in macroeconomics. Received: September 13, 2001; revised version: December 9, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" We are grateful to Tapan Mitra for pointing out errors as well as making very valuable suggestions. Thanks are due to Raouf Boucekkine and Jorge Duran for additional helpful discussions. We also thank an anonymous referee for his/her helpful comments. The second author acknowledges the financial support of the Belgian Ministry of Scientific Research (Grant ARC 99/04-235 “Growth and incentive design”) and of the Belgian Federal Goverment (Grant PAI P5/10, “Equilibrium theory and optimization for public policy and industry regulation”). Correspondence to: C. Le Van     

企业文化对知识型员工组织承诺影响的研究

为了探讨提高知识型员工组织承诺的有效路径,文章针对现有研究中的一些不足,提出了不同企业文化导向对知识型员工感情承诺及继续承诺影响的研究框架,从理论上探讨了员工导向文化与任务导向文化如何对知识型员工组织承诺产生影响,以期为企业提高知识型员工的组织承诺提供理论指导.     

"环境成本内在化"的主要障碍及对策分析

随着世界经济的发展,环境问题日益严峻,成为最典型的消极外部行为。环境问题造成社会和企业严重的经济损失,促使社会可持续发展规范的逐步确立,使环境成本内在化成为必然性。在讨论“环境成本内在化”内涵的基础上,分析了在其发展道路上可能存在的主要障碍。在借鉴国外成功经验的基础上,提出了针对性的对策建议。     

技术性贸易壁垒内涵辨正

进入21世纪以来，技术性贸易壁垒替代反倾销成为我国面临的第一大非关税壁垒。但是对于技术性贸易壁垒，世界贸易组织框架下的相关协议，即《技术性贸易壁垒协议》和《实施卫生和植物卫生措施协议》，并没有做出明确的定义。因此，在分析世贸组织相关协议和判例的基础上，提炼出技术性贸易壁垒的内核，以对技术性贸易壁垒的含义加以澄清并重新认识，对于我国具有重大而深远的意义。